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. Karl Baedeker (ca. 1877 – 1914) was a German physicist, and a professor at the University of Jena. He was the grandson of Karl Baedeker, the founder of the eponymous travel guide publishing house, and the son of Fritz Baedeker (1844 - 1925), who ran the same company from 1869 until his death in 1925 (see Baedeker). One of his scientific discoveries was that the resistivity of cuprous iodide (CuI) depended on its stoichiometry. Thin films of the material became much more conductive when exposed to iodine vapor; the effect was reversible. This was the first example of doping a semiconductor to change its properties.〔Jed Z. Buchwald, Andrew Warwick (ed) ''Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics'' MIT Press, 2004 ISBN 0262524244 pp.274-276 〕 He also observed a Hall effect in copper iodide that had the reverse sign to that in metals, an observation of what was later to be known as conduction by electron holes in semiconductors. This observation was critical in developing the theory of electron conduction in solids. Along with his graduate student Karl Steinberg, Baedeker studied the effect of varying concentration of iodine on the electrical properties of copper iodide. He also is credited with making the first transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin film, cadmium oxide (CdO), in 1907.〔K. Baedeker, Annal der Physik (Leipzig) 327 (1907) 749.〕 TCOs are now ubiquitous in optoelectronics and a multibillion dollar industry. Baedeker was killed in action in August 1914 during World War I at the Battle of Liège . 〔 Frederick Seitz and Norman G. Einspruch,''Electronic Genie: The tangled history of silicon'' University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, USA, 1998. pp. 52-53 〕 His son, Karl Friedrich Baedeker revived the Baedeker publishing house after the Second World War. In 2014, a conference on transparent conducting oxides was held in Leipzig to commemorate the centenary of Baedeker's death. A paper on the life and work of Baedeker was published in the proceedings of the meeting.〔Marius Grundman, "Karl Baedeker (1877-1914) and the discovery of transparent conductive materials", Physica Status Solidi (a) Early View, doi: 10.1002/pssa.201431921.〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karl Baedeker (scientist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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